Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can cause a variety of symptoms, including hair loss. This condition, known as syphilitic alopecia, occurs due to the body’s immune response to the bacteria Treponema pallidum.
In this article, we’ll explore the link between syphilis and hair loss, symptoms to watch for, treatment options, and when to seek medical help.
Understanding Syphilis and Its Stages
Syphilis develops in four stages:
Primary Syphilis
- Appears 3 weeks after infection
- Causes painless sores (chancres) on the genitals, mouth, or anus
- Lasts 2 to 6 weeks before healing
Secondary Syphilis
- Occurs weeks to months after the primary stage
- Symptoms include:
- Rash on palms, soles, or body
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Fever and fatigue
- Hair loss
Latent Syphilis
- Symptoms disappear, but the bacteria remain in the body
- Can last for years
Tertiary Syphilis
- Develops years after the initial infection
- Can cause severe complications, such as:
- Heart disease
- Brain infection
- Neurological disorders
How Syphilis Causes Hair Loss
Hair loss from syphilis typically occurs during the secondary stage. This condition, called alopecia syphilitica, affects about 3% to 7% of infected individuals.
Possible Causes of Hair Loss
- Inflammatory Immune Response – The immune system attacks the hair follicles, disrupting the growth cycle.
- Lymphocyte Build-up – A type of white blood cell may block hair follicles, leading to hair thinning.
Types of Syphilitic Hair Loss
Type | Description |
---|---|
Diffuse Hair Loss | Even thinning across the scalp |
Moth-Eaten Hair Loss | Patchy, irregular hair loss |
Mixed Pattern | Combination of diffuse and moth-eaten hair loss |
This hair loss pattern can be mistaken for alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, or fungal infections.
Treatment for Syphilis and Hair Regrowth
Antibiotic Treatment
Doctors typically prescribe one of the following antibiotics:
- Benzathine penicillin G (injection)
- Doxycycline (oral) – for those allergic to penicillin
- Tetracycline (oral) – alternative option
Hair regrowth usually begins 5 weeks to 3 months after treatment.
Symptoms That Require Medical Attention
If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical help immediately:
- Sores on the genitals, mouth, or anus
- Non-itchy rash on the hands, feet, or body
- Unexplained hair loss
- Fever, fatigue, or swollen lymph nodes
- Unexplained weight loss or joint pain
FAQs About Syphilis and Hair Loss
Is Syphilis Hair Loss Permanent?
No, syphilis-related hair loss is temporary if treated promptly.
How Long Does It Take for Hair to Regrow?
Hair typically starts regrowing within 5 weeks to 3 months after treatment.
Do Other STDs Cause Hair Loss?
Syphilis is the only STI directly linked to hair loss. However, certain STIs like HIV, gonorrhea, and chlamydia may lead to hair loss due to treatment side effects or immune system stress.
Key Takeaways
- Syphilis can cause hair loss, mainly during the secondary stage.
- The hair loss appears as diffuse thinning or “moth-eaten” patches.
- Treatment with antibiotics helps restore hair growth.
- Prompt medical care can prevent long-term complications.
If you suspect syphilis, seek medical advice immediately. Early treatment can prevent serious health issues and promote hair regrowth.