Can Syphilis Cause Hair Loss?

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can cause a variety of symptoms, including hair loss. This condition, known as syphilitic alopecia, occurs due to the body’s immune response to the bacteria Treponema pallidum.

In this article, we’ll explore the link between syphilis and hair loss, symptoms to watch for, treatment options, and when to seek medical help.


Understanding Syphilis and Its Stages

Syphilis develops in four stages:

Primary Syphilis

  • Appears 3 weeks after infection
  • Causes painless sores (chancres) on the genitals, mouth, or anus
  • Lasts 2 to 6 weeks before healing

Secondary Syphilis

  • Occurs weeks to months after the primary stage
  • Symptoms include:
    • Rash on palms, soles, or body
    • Swollen lymph nodes
    • Fever and fatigue
    • Hair loss

Latent Syphilis

  • Symptoms disappear, but the bacteria remain in the body
  • Can last for years

Tertiary Syphilis

  • Develops years after the initial infection
  • Can cause severe complications, such as:
    • Heart disease
    • Brain infection
    • Neurological disorders

How Syphilis Causes Hair Loss

Hair loss from syphilis typically occurs during the secondary stage. This condition, called alopecia syphilitica, affects about 3% to 7% of infected individuals.

Possible Causes of Hair Loss

  1. Inflammatory Immune Response – The immune system attacks the hair follicles, disrupting the growth cycle.
  2. Lymphocyte Build-up – A type of white blood cell may block hair follicles, leading to hair thinning.

Types of Syphilitic Hair Loss

TypeDescription
Diffuse Hair LossEven thinning across the scalp
Moth-Eaten Hair LossPatchy, irregular hair loss
Mixed PatternCombination of diffuse and moth-eaten hair loss

This hair loss pattern can be mistaken for alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, or fungal infections.


Treatment for Syphilis and Hair Regrowth

Antibiotic Treatment

Doctors typically prescribe one of the following antibiotics:

  • Benzathine penicillin G (injection)
  • Doxycycline (oral) – for those allergic to penicillin
  • Tetracycline (oral) – alternative option

Hair regrowth usually begins 5 weeks to 3 months after treatment.


Symptoms That Require Medical Attention

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical help immediately:

  • Sores on the genitals, mouth, or anus
  • Non-itchy rash on the hands, feet, or body
  • Unexplained hair loss
  • Fever, fatigue, or swollen lymph nodes
  • Unexplained weight loss or joint pain

FAQs About Syphilis and Hair Loss

Is Syphilis Hair Loss Permanent?

No, syphilis-related hair loss is temporary if treated promptly.

How Long Does It Take for Hair to Regrow?

Hair typically starts regrowing within 5 weeks to 3 months after treatment.

Do Other STDs Cause Hair Loss?

Syphilis is the only STI directly linked to hair loss. However, certain STIs like HIV, gonorrhea, and chlamydia may lead to hair loss due to treatment side effects or immune system stress.


Key Takeaways

  • Syphilis can cause hair loss, mainly during the secondary stage.
  • The hair loss appears as diffuse thinning or “moth-eaten” patches.
  • Treatment with antibiotics helps restore hair growth.
  • Prompt medical care can prevent long-term complications.

If you suspect syphilis, seek medical advice immediately. Early treatment can prevent serious health issues and promote hair regrowth.

Leave a Comment